1. Perform a patient-centered interview that includes: a. Exploration of different causes of mechanical low back pain b. Probing for red flags of potentially serious causes c. Potential psychosocial risk factors for chronic disability (i.e. â??yellow flagsâ?) 2. Perform a focused physical exam that distinguishes different causes of mechanical low back pain and identifies signs of potentially serious secondary causes e.g. infection, pathological fracture, non-MSK referred pain 3. Propose initial management plan that includes: a. Appropriate and timely investigation of urgent potentially serious secondary causes b. Appropriate evidence-informed management of mechanical LBP, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities, return to work, and secondary prevention.